It can be terrifying to witness someone having an asthma attack. You might see them wheezing, struggling for breath, and concerned that they are not getting enough oxygen.
If you are with someone who is having an attack, especially a child, you must remain calm, as panic makes breathing even more difficult. You must reassure them that everything will be fine, then locate their inhaler, if they have one, and assist them in sitting upright in a comfortable position.
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An asthma attack’s severity can vary greatly, and in some cases, attacks can be life-threatening or even fatal. According to the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD), the number of people affected by asthma in the United Kingdom is among the highest in the world, with up to 5.4 million receiving asthma treatment.
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Most asthma attacks pass quickly and aren’t as bad as they sound, but if they have severe breathing difficulties, especially if they have a blue tinge around their lips or the inhaler isn’t working, call an ambulance.
Typical signs and symptoms
- Breathing difficulties
- Wheezing breathing sounds from the lungs
- Speaking difficulty (they might need to take a breath in-between words)
- Skin that is pale and clammy
- Lips and skin that are grey or blue (if the attack is severe)
- Using the muscles of the neck and upper chest to help them breathe
- If the attack is severe, they may become exhausted.
- If the attack is prolonged, they may become unconscious and stop breathing.
Treatment
- Sit them up straight and lean them against a table or chair if necessary.
- Assist them in using their inhaler; this can be repeated every few minutes if the attack does not subside.
- Speak with them and reassure them.
- If the attack does not appear to be abating and appears to be worsening, dial 911 for emergency assistance.
- Cold air can aggravate the attack, so keep them inside.
- Maintain their upright position and only place them down if they become unconscious.
- Start CPR if they stop breathing.
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When should you call 911?
When you have the following symptoms, your asthma attack can become life-threatening.
- Breathing difficulties are severe.
- Being unable to speak or walk because you are out of breath
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, as if you’re about to pass out
- Turning blue of the lips or fingers
- On a peak flow monitor, the strength of your exhalations is less than 50% of your personal best.
Asthma attacks this severe can result in brain damage or death. This happens when your lungs lose their ability to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
When you experience any of the above symptoms, call 911 — or have someone call for you — especially if you are unable to relieve them immediately with your prescribed quick-relief medication.
Following an asthma attack
The person is more likely to have another asthma attack for several days after a flare-up. During this time frame, it is best to:
- Avoid asthma triggers.
- Keep track of your breathing with a peak flow monitor.
- Take your medications exactly as directed, even if you feel great.
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